What Can I Do About Bufferbloat?

Bufferbloat is high latency (or lag) that occurs when there’s other traffic on your network. This means that your network isn’t always responsive - it’s wasting your time.

How does bufferbloat apply to me?

Watch the Home Internet Connections Are Unfair! (Bufferbloat) video which gives an intuitive description of Bufferbloat. Or read the more detailed Best Bufferbloat Analogy - Ever blog post.

OK - How do I get rid of Bufferbloat?

1. Measure the Bufferbloat: Use any of the tests below that measure latency both when the line is idle and during upload or download traffic.

• Waveform Bufferbloat Test
• Speedtest.net Test
• Cloudflare Speed Test

If the test shows latency below 15-25 msec, it means that bufferbloat is under control. If a test shows higher latency, you likely have bufferbloat. For more details about testing, read the Tests for Bufferbloat page.

2. Possible Solutions: There are lots of ways to throw time or money at this problem. Most won’t work.

• Your ISP would love to sell you a faster connection, but link speed isn’t the problem - it’s your router buffering more data than necessary. This adds delay that can never be cured by faster transmission rates.

• Buying an expensive router (even one for “gaming”) won’t necessarily help, since many commercial, off-the-shelf router manufacturers are clueless about excess buffering in their routers.

• Twiddling the router’s QoS might make a difference, but it’s a hassle, and only helps a bit.

Instead…

3. Take Control of Your Network: No one else (not your router manufacturer, not your ISP) has a strong incentive to fix Bufferbloat. But once you take control, the network will stay fixed for all time, and you can adapt to changing practices at your ISP or other vendors.

You need to find a router vendor that understands the relationship between latency/responsiveness and bufferbloat, and has firmware that uses one of the Smart Queue Management algorithms such as cake, fq_codel, PIE, or others to eliminate it. Here are some options, from easy to harder:

• Enable SQM settings if your router already has them.

  First, measure the link speed without SQM using one of the speed tests above. Then turn on SQM, setting the up and down speed to the measured values above. Keep running your speed test and adjusting the SQM speed settings until the latency remains low while achieving good speeds. See, for example, this description of a tuning session.

• Install an off-the-shelf router with SQM Several router vendors have a clue. Here is a list of those we have found:

  • OpenWrt One The OpenWrt project has just released (November 2024) its own router. It incorporates the fq_codel/CAKE algorithms as well those to minimize latency in Wifi. It is now available from AliExpress in many countries.
  • Ubiquiti gear has fq_codel settings. People say its EdgeRouter will handle over 400 mbps.
  • The eero mesh routers “optimize for conferencing and gaming” (their term for SQM.) Their third generation devices support SQM at speeds up to a gigabit/second.
  • All Comcast/Xfinity DOCSIS 3.1 RDK-B-based gateway models have now been updated with DOCSIS-PIE AQM and all are achieving dramatically improved working latency. (See Footnote 59 of Improving Latency with Active Queue Management (AQM) During COVID-19 for model numbers.)
  • Many other mesh router vendors claim to solve bufferbloat. Check their spec’s or ask them about latency.
  • Untangle NG Firewall has fq_codel settings.
  • ipfire.org has fq_codel settings.
  • pfsense and OPNsense have fq_codel and fq_PIE settings, courtesy of FreeBSD and ipfw/dummynet
  • (Regrettably, the IQrouter from Evenroute.com is no longer on the market.)

• Install custom firmware. All the projects below support some kind of queue management based on FQ-CoDel and/or Cake.

  • OpenWrt (version 22.03 or newer, supported device list). The Smart Queue Management guide tells how to configure the luci-app-sqm package.
  • Asuswrt-Merlin (ASUS routers only). In Web GUI follow to Adaptive QoS → QoS. More customizations via Web GUI is available with CakeQOS-Merlin.
  • DD-WRT
  • Gargoyle
  • Tomato
    
  • Raspberry Pi 4 - This link provides “some assembly required” instructions for installing OpenWrt on a RPi4 and connecting it between your ISP modem and your existing router to control latency.

• Call your router vendor’s support line if none of the above are possible. You have the information from the latency tests. Mention that the ping times get really high when someone is up/downloading files, and that it really hurts your network performance. Ask if they’re working on the problem. Ask when they’re going to release a firmware update that solves it.

• Consider cake-autorate for variable-rate ISP links. LTE, cable modems, and Starlink can all change throughput rates from morning to evening, or even from minute to minute. The cake-autorate algorithm adapts to the current network conditions to minimize latency.

Your network’s responsiveness is in your hands…

Read More…

• Bufferbloat FAQs
• Why does SQM work so well?
• What’s wrong with simply configuring QoS?
• Setting up SQM on a Router Manually
• Best Bufferbloat Analogy — Ever